• A Publisher Faces The Following Demand Schedule Slader
• A Publisher Faces The Following Demand Schedule
• A Publisher Faces The Following Demand Schedule For The Next Novel
• A Publisher Faces The Following Demand Schedule For The Next Novel

Joint Committee on Communications, Climate Action and Environment

There are some conditions which demand academic literatures publication such as it may increase your salary, matters for scholarship-hunting, a requirement for registering to universities and so. EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing Edge Computing (From Hype to Reality) Al-Turjman, Fadi download BookSC. Download books for free.

Public Consultation on Funding of Public Service Broadcasting in Ireland
22nd November 2016
Tá an aighneacht seo, agus an Ráiteas Oscailte a ghabhann léi, á soláthar ag TG4 i mBéarla, teanga oibre agus comhfhreagrais an Chomhchoiste linn.
Is é ár mian go mbeadh oiread agus is féidir den phlé orthu ag an gcruinniú leis an gComhchoiste i nGaeilge, teanga oibre agus comhfhreagrais TG4, de réir mar a oireann don Chomhchoiste
Introduction to TG4

Established in 1996, TG4 has recently celebrated its 20^th birthday as Ireland's national Irish language public service broadcaster. TG4 entertains Irish audiences, across all age groups and demographics, with its own brand of Irish content. With advances in technology, TG4 has added worldwide audiences through its online, Player and mobile services.

TG4's service is acknowledged as a success in promoting and celebrating the Irish language and culture and in raising the profile of the Irish language as part of the Government’s wish to create a bilingual society and normalise the language's use. It is widely accepted that TG4 has been the most positive measure implemented by the Government to promote the Irish language. Market research confirms this - over three quarters of research respondents believe TG4 has a positive influence on the Irish language and makes it come alive for them.
A unique organisation, TG4 impacts positively on a range of critical public policy priorities: supporting highly-skilled jobs; promoting the Irish language and heritage in an entertaining way, nationally and globally to the Diaspora; encouraging technological innovation; celebrating cultural diversity; delivering regional employment, illustrating that decentralisation works; and developing the creative sectors in communities far-removed from the main urban areas.
Additional Services / Growth in Digital Services

Technology continues to evolve. When TG4 was established, it provided a linear broadcast service. The Internet and technology have changed this and TG4 now provides a range of on-demand, online and mobile services including the TG4 website, Player service, children's Player service, numerous interactive games for children, Apps for mobile platforms including the TG4 Player App for IOS, iPad, iPhone and Smart TV. It is also present on social media channels including FaceBook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat and YouTube. Audiences are more diverse and a variety of services are required to address their needs. TG4 must continue to invest in the delivery of a strong broadcast service, continue to expand its broadcast platforms and continually innovate to deliver new and exciting online and mobile services and social media engagement.

Ireland has a fiercely competitive television market. There are more than 50 national and international channels taking television advertising revenues in the Irish market. These channels include not only the Irish public service, commercial and community broadcasters but also international and specialist channels. Telecoms companies such as Vodafone and eir are also investing in broadcast services and there is increased investment in content and services from companies such as Virgin Media and Sky Ireland etc. Competition is also there from non-broadcast services including On Demand, online and mobile content. Core Media research reports that online video is now watched at least once a week by 55% of all adults in Ireland, on a variety of devices, and Netflix continues to grow subscribers. Research from Google also shows that YouTube now commands 35 minutes of Irish media consumption per day, making it the second most viewed channel, for all adults, in the Republic of Ireland behind RTÉ1¹. International trends mirror these developments in Ireland. Globally, there continues to be a gradual move towards viewership of on demand, online and mobile content with broadcasters now providing their programmes on all of these screens.
Despite this shift, TG4 believes that broadcasting will continue to remain at the heart of how audiences engage with audiovisual content. The latest data from Ipsos MRBI for example, (commissioned by TAM Ireland) shows that in Ireland, the TV set remains at the heart of audiovisual consumption accounting for 81% of the 221 minutes consumed in an average day².
TG4 must continue to invest in the delivery of a strong broadcast service, continue to expand its broadcast platforms and continually innovate to deliver new and exciting online and mobile services and social media engagement. New platforms and services will not just be about distributing traditional programmes in new ways. They will also be about making new and different types of programmes and formats. It will require TG4 to address television, online and mobile platforms, not as separate services but rather, as part of a cohesive way to reach all audiences, no matter where they are and what platform they use to engage with TG4.

TG4 must also transition to High Definition (HD) on Saorview and other platforms. HD has become established as a norm in digital broadcasting with all broadcasters upgrading to HD and providing HD services on digital platforms. As most channels, including those of RTÉ, TV3, UTV Ireland and Setanta and the established UK terrestrial channels (e.g. BBC, UTV, Channel 4 and Sky which account for a significant percentage of linear audience viewing in Ireland) provide HD services, it is imperative that TG4 provides a HD service to audiences - irrespective of which broadcast platform is used. At present, TG4 HD is available on Virgin Media Cable (formerly UPC) and since August, on Sky Ireland. There are almost 700,000 Irish TV households using the Saorview service and therefore, it is important that the TG4 HD service is extended to the Saorview platform also.

It is also critical that TG4 strengthens its engagement with younger audiences through its digital content and services. Core Media research shows that children are now watching more online video than television, with online content easier to access than ever before. This reflects international developments with, for example, industry data from Barb showing that the amount of time watching television by British children has fallen by 22% between 2010 and 2015. TG4 is committed to providing a strong broadcast schedule for younger audiences in order to retain relevance with youth audiences and to continue to foster a positive attitude towards the Irish language and culture. With Irish children now watching more online video than television, it is also vital that TG4 increases its investment in digital and interactive content and Apps for children's and teen audiences. For these audiences, TG4 additionally needs to continue to grow its media brand beyond the linear television service with cinema premieres of Irish language content and a broad range of DVD titles in Irish with associated merchandising.
Funding / Revenue Generation

Between 2008 and 2015, TG4 has undergone significant reductions in its funding and operating income. Current funding has been reduced by over €3m per annum. Along with a non-recoverable VAT liability (recoverable prior to 2009), new levies and reductions in commercial income due to the downturn in the economy, these have resulted in an almost €6m reduction in funds available for TG4's operations on an annual basis.To address these reductions, TG4 implemented extensive cutbacks on costs which were already lean and it is still operating well below 2008 cost levels. It has been accepted that TG4 is a very cost effective operation and that no further cost reductions can be secured.

In each of the last three years, having regard to the extensive analysis undertaken by consultants appointed to review Public Service Broadcast (PSB) funding, the BAI has recommended that TG4 be awarded an increase in public funding. Following the 2013 PSB funding review, the BAI recommended that TG4 be awarded an inflationary increase based on CPI³. Following the 2014 PSB funding review, the BAI recommended that TG4 not only be awarded a CPI-based increase once again, but that funding levels of, at the very least, €32.75m (TG4's current public funding for years 2011 to 2014 inclusive), be reinstated.

For 2016, TG4's current public funding was €32.54m with an additional €210,000 required to bring TG4's current public funding back up to 2014 levels. It was expected that the BAI, following the recent 2015 PSB funding review, would make a recommendation that TG4's current funding be increased for 2017.

Indeed, it was reiterated by the BAI at the meeting of the Joint Committee on Communications, Climate Action and Environment on 8th November 2016, that successive consultants who have undertaken the BAI annual PSB funding reviews have stated that TG4 cannot take any further reductions in its annual funding and that it was essential that additional funding be provided for TG4 to grow its audience and to develop and respond to the challenges it faces in the digital environment. It is recognised that while TG4's funding may allow it to hold its current position, albeit with some difficulty, there is a need for additional current and capital investment to enable TG4 to respond to the digital environment and to make content available across a wide range of platforms.
TG4's current funding for 2017 was not however, brought back up to 2014 levels. An increase of €147,000 in current funding was given to TG4 for 2017. This continues to be short what was required to reinstate 2014 current funding levels and also to allow TG4 to develop its services and deliver on its objectives as set-out in its five-year strategy. TG4 needs to invest in stabilising and growing its audience share. To grow audiences, TG4 must be innovative in its programme schedule and invest in more strong, unique and entertaining content across a wide range of platforms.
Lack of adequate multi-annual funding is also an issue for TG4. Lack of clarity regarding annual funding levels makes it difficult for TG4 to plan its longer-term development. In addition, the manner in which content markets operate requires TG4 to provide multi-annual commitments when commissioning or acquiring content. This places TG4 under financial pressure due to lack of certainty regarding sufficient future funding to be able to commit to these content terms. TG4 needs to move to a multi-annual funding model whereby it has funding certainty on a rollover basis to both help sustain the longer term development of the channel and enable it to secure high quality content on the terms of the marketplace.
Commercial Activities Vs. Public Service Objects

The economic downturn, competition in broadcasting and across content platforms, along with the significant changes that are happening in the content and advertising sectors, have all impacted TG4's commercial income. For example, in 2000, the top ten television channels in Ireland commanded 90% of viewing but in 2015, they commanded less than 55%. In 2015 also, for the first time, online advertising became the largest media category in the Republic of Ireland with spend levels taking a 30% share of the total advertising market⁴. TV fell from having the largest share of the total advertising market (28.5% in 2014) to the second largest after online.

The combination of the downturn and media market developments have resulted in TG4's advertising and sponsorship income declining by approximately 50% between 2008 and 2016. It is important for TG4 to halt and where possible, reverse this decline by growing audience reach and share. This requires current and capital investment in new and enhanced content and services. Growing advertising and sponsorship income will be exceptionally challenging, even with audience growth. This is due to the declining share of television in the advertising market overall, the growing number of television channels which deliver advertising in the Irish market and technology developments which will impact how television advertising is delivered (see section on Advertising Minutage).

Along with growing broadcast audiences, it is vital for TG4 to maximise commercial revenue from its online and mobile services. TG4's strategy to do this includes continuous development and more specific targeting of online content and greater segmentation for target audiences along with improving the quality and targeting of its mobile services.

To help offset reductions in advertising and sponsorship income, TG4 has also developed new sources of commercial revenues such as facilities hire and other services. TG4 will continue to develop new commercial opportunities such as these over the years ahead but the challenge inherent in this is not to be underestimated.
However, it should be noted that TG4's commercial income is just less than 10% of its total income with public funding providing the remaining 90%. TG4's public funding remains the key source of income for TG4 and it is vital that current funding is set at levels which can enable TG4 to develop the service, grow its audience across all platforms and respond to the challenges it faces in the digital environment.
Advertising Minutage

Sky Opt outs have made the Irish TV market the most cluttered in Europe. There are currently 39 opt out channels delivering 130 hours of advertising per day in the Republic of Ireland. In addition, there are seven domestic television channels delivering 24 hours per day of advertising minutage.

A Publisher Faces The Following Demand Schedule Slader

TG4 is restricted to 7.5 minutes per hour (along with RTÉ) whereas commercial channels including TV3 are permitted 12 minutes per hour. This is 160% more available advertising for these commercial channels.
The roll out of cable and satellite across Ireland has enabled Opt outs to gain increased access to television households. The Sky Channels alone have increased their commercial share of advertising budgets from 12% in 2006 to 23.5% today, an increase of almost 196%. This share of advertising revenue comes from the indigenous channels and it is estimated that €48 million in advertising income is drained from the Irish market to UK opt out channels.

This will undoubtedly increase with the ongoing developments in broadcast advertising technology. For example, Sky Media is to launch its Sky AdSmart service in the Irish market in Q1 2017. This service has been running in the UK market for the past four years. With this technology, each Sky box in each home acts as a server and multiple ads can be placed on each server and with the ability to geo-target homes by post code. Sky will have the ability to place different ads in different homes, even if the same programme is being viewed. This is essentially localised broadcast advertising and it will have a serious impact on all advertising channels, not just broadcasting. Virgin Media Solutions aims to launch a similar service in 2017. These developments will have a significant impact on Irish television advertising revenues and will make it challenging for TG4 to grow its advertising and sponsorship income to a significant extent.

Outsourced / Independent Production (external resources)

TG4 operates as a publisher broadcaster. Most of TG4's Irish language programmes are commissioned from independent production companies throughout Ireland and TG4 spends over 90% of its annual programme budget with the sector (€21.2m in 2015 and €22m estimated for 2016). TG4's expenditure and engagement with the independent production sector helps to develop the capabilities of the companies and individual talent with whom TG4 works.

The last IBEC Audiovisual Federation research on the Irish film and television industry showed that over 300 highly skilled and creative full-time jobs in the film & TV production sector were directly sustained by TG4 commissions. TG4's Irish language soap, “Ros na Rún”, now in its 21st year of production, creates a significant level of direct employment and contracted personnel in the local economy (circa 150). Overall, TG4 estimates that it supported 473 creative resources in 2015 across a range of categories such as musicians, composers, directors and actors amongst others.

TG4 also helps to raise finance for the independent production sector through working with it to help it secure Sound & Vision funding from the BAI, ILBF funding in Northern Ireland and EU funding such as funding from the European Media Programme. Through working with international partners such as S4C, the BBC and other broadcasters and production companies, TG4 also delivers a range of co-productions. These arrangements bring added value to the production sector in Ireland, attracting inward investment in the sector and additionality in terms of production expenditure and jobs.

Through this expenditure, and through all of the other services TG4 buys from the Irish creative sector (e.g. advertising, re-voicing, digitisation, software, publishing etc.), TG4 has a significant impact on jobs in the Irish economy. The multiplier effect of TG4's expenditure (direct and indirect) in terms of its contribution to Ireland's national earnings was almost €66.4m in 2015 with an associated employment impact of 973 jobs⁵ in total. These are important metrics because they reflect the level of expenditure by TG4 in Ireland and the level of expenditure on indigenous commissioned programming and other services rather than on purchasing content and services from international markets. For every €1 spent by TG4 in Ireland, it is worth €2 to the economy of Ireland.

Despite TG4's and others' investment, the Irish language independent production sector is fragile.Driven by funding reductions, in 2008, TG4 sought price / rate reductions from the independent production sector and reduced cost-per-hour by 10%. Eight years later, the 2008 rates have not been reinstated. At the time in 2008, TG4 was already operating from a low cost base in terms of production sector per-hour rates and the 2008 reductions put the independent production sector under severe pressure. The sector is finding it difficult to sustain its operations and employment levels, to maintain viability and to retain skilled staff. TG4 has encouraged the sector to access additional funding for programming projects through the Sound & Vision Fund and through S481 etc. This has supported the sector and allowed it to create some exceptional programmes which have been recognised nationally and internationally through viewership and awards.

As a publisher / broadcaster, TG4 relies on a strong and vibrant production sector. Additional funding along with funding stability are required in order to develop the sector and to nurture Irish creativity and talent. In 2017 and over the years ahead, it is therefore TG4's objective (in addition to its investment in content) to introduce new measures to promote stability and growth in the independent production sector in Ireland. These measures will include amongst others, investment in multi-annual agreements with production companies in addition to initiatives to support internationalisation of the sector and access to global markets.
TG4 and Irish Content / Language

As set out in the Broadcasting Act 2009, TG4 must ensure that its broadcast service provides a comprehensive range of programmes, primarily in the Irish language. Reflecting this, Irish language broadcast, online and mobile content is at the heart of TG4’s strategy with the majority of TG4's current public funding spent on its production and broadcast.

With competition and fragmenting audiences, original, high quality and distinctive content is more important than ever before. TG4 commissions a significant amount of new, high-quality, innovative and award winning programmes from the Irish independent production sector. It also works closely with RTÉ on the 365 hours of programming which are provided to TG4. In addition to in-house productions, TG4 also ensures that it acquires the best international content for the best price, for the TG4 service.
Conduct of the Review Process

In 2017, the BAI is to commence the five year review of the adequacy of public funding to enable PSBs to meet their public service objects, with the objective being to complete the review in 2018. Once complete, the BAI will issue recommendations to the Minister on the outcome.

We welcome this review and commit to working cooperatively with consultants appointed by the BAI to undertake it. To date, we have cooperated fully with all consultants appointed to undertake the annual reviews of PSB funding and the first five year review which was completed in 2013.

We would request that sufficient time be allocated for the preparation of five-year strategic plans which the BAI will ask the broadcasters to produce in support of its review work.

In addition, we would hope that if possible, the recommendations to the Minister on the outcome will be timely, to feed into the 2019 budget decision-making.

A Publisher Faces The Following Demand Schedule

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:

Today I will weave together three seemingly unrelated stories to make a point about a trend I think is often overlooked in the media. The first quarter earnings release of Tesla revealed the company sold $272 million worth of bitcoin holdings. Musk had done so to test the market’s liquidity, said his CEO, Elon Musk.

First, Tesla’s Q1 earnings release revealed that the company sold $272 million worth of its bitcoin holdings in the first quarter. According to its CEO, Elon Musk, it did so to test the market’s liquidity. Lastly, U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell spoke about the macroeconomic environment, holding firm to the expectation of 2% inflation over the next few years.How do these three stories relate to one another?

Second, crypto lender Genesis Trading (a subsidiary of DCG, which is also the parent of CoinDesk) published its Q1 2021 report, which showed that the amount of loans outstanding broke through $9 billion, an increase of 136% from the previous quarter.

You’re reading Crypto Long & Short, a newsletter that looks closely at the forces driving cryptocurrency markets. Authored by CoinDesk’s head of research, Noelle Acheson, it goes out every Sunday and offers a recap of the week – with insights and analysis – from a professional investor’s point of view. You can subscribe here.

Third, U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell spoke about the macroeconomic environment, holding firm to the expectation of an average of 2% inflation over the next few years.

What do these three stories have to do with one another? The answer lies in looking through the growing use of bitcoin as a reserve asset on corporate balance sheets to why companies want to do so today, and why they are likely to want to do so in years to come.

In February, the company announced the purchase of a $1.5 billion bitcoin.s

Before we bring in this week’s narratives, let’s refresh the balance sheet asset story.

Companies investing in bitcoin as a reserve asset have usually cited value protection as the main reason. Bitcoin will hold its purchasing power against the inevitable debasement of fiat, the argument goes. Since corporate treasury’s priority is ensuring the business has the funds it needs for operations and strategic investment, today as well as in the future, some advocates argue that bitcoin is an ideal treasury asset, even though the volatility is a concern.

With Tesla’s move, other companies will be reassured that liquidity risk need not be a major concern. And the $101 million contribution to the bottom line also sends a powerful message. MicroStrategy kicked this off last August by putting all of its corporate treasury into bitcoin; the firm has continually added to its holdings, even raising capital to do so. In February, it held an event to educate other companies on the advantages and logistics that was reportedly attended by over 8,000 interested parties. Other firms making bitcoin reserve allocations include Square, Aker and Meitu, and this week South Korean-Japanese video game publisher Nexon revealed a $100 million bitcoin purchase (equal to approximately 2% of its cash and cash equivalents).

The company doesn’t have to go that far – even a modest allocation to cryptocurrency can continue to value core business while providing a buffer when profits falter.Tap: Genesis’ loan book saw USD and stablecoin loans more than double over the quarter. At present, the persistent basis trade opportunities in the bitcoin futures market mainly fuel demand for this type of loan. The company did not disappoint: in February, it announced a $1.5 billion bitcoin purchase. Its Q1 2021 earnings released this week showed that the company sold approximately 10% of its holdings for $272 million. Musk explained on Twitter that this was to “test the market’s liquidity.”

Investors may have initial concerns about the long-term value of cash and cash equivalents. An additional boost is likely to come from the relatively easy access to capital and equity products that are not tied to the economic cycle.Inflation expectationsIf Powell says something upbeat about inflation later, that'll continue. With inflation running consistently below the target rate of 2%, Powell recognized that it would be permissible to keep inflation above that level for some time. For instance, market expectations for inflation broke through 2.4% for the first time in over eight years. This is alarming mainly because of the likelihood that prices will fall even more than the market anticipates.

As a result, corporate treasurers are likely to be scrambling to find ways to protect assets from what MicroStrategy CEO Michael Saylor calls the 'melting ice cube' effect if inflation sticks above 2% for several years. With Powell’s confirmation that quantitative easing will continue for the foreseeable future, further debasement fears could be heightened. These trends are more likely to encourage treasurers to place at least a portion of their corporate reserves into bitcoin. The deeper takeaway is bitcoin's potential for use as collateral is just getting started. The Genesis report exemplifies this growth as well. It's not clear exactly how much bitcoin constitutes that collateral, but we can assume that it's the bulk. Companies don’t have to go that far – with even a modest allocation to bitcoin, they can maintain their core business but put in place a potential buffer when earnings look weak.

According to my colleague Brady Dale, the market cap of decentralized finance tokens has reached an all-time high of $120 billion; this represents lending and other financial applications.

Now, on to Genesis’ loan book, which saw USD and stablecoin loans more than double over the quarter. Demand for this type of loan is for now fueled mainly by the persistent basis trade opportunity in the bitcoin futures market. Going forward, it’s likely to be powered by a growing understanding of the efficiency of bitcoin as collateral, and the increasing amount of bitcoin ready to be used as collateral.

However, bitcoin could start to be seen as an intriguing collateral alternative for overnight loans to corporations that operate in multiple currencies, one that will also boost earnings when necessary.

Moreover, lenders could be drawn in by the bearer asset nature of the collateral in addition to its higher yield. Also, crypto investors aspire to hold an asset that won’t be devalued by an expanding monetary supply and mounting inflation. This is already being begun by the crypto industry’s main lending service.

We might even see decentralized lending services start to offer repo-like facilities. Banks, traditionally key participants in repo markets, are already becoming involved in crypto assets. Crypto assets however bring new types of risk to a fragile equation, and the notion of bitcoin as collateral has many hurdles to overcome before it can make a meaningful difference in today's financial ecosystem.

What U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman If even JPMorgan is now embracing crypto, the narrative goes, then surely institutional investors will be able to buy in en masse. The truth is much harder to make out. These funds are limited to private wealth clients who face fewer requirements than pension funds and insurance companies. It will broaden participation, but it does not get bitcoin 'mainstream.' By “actively managed,” I assume that they will also pursue derivative and cash allocation strategies in an effort to beat the bitcoin market.

Some funds are passive: they buy bitcoin, and a fund’s value closely tracks its value. So the prospect of inflation running above 2% for several years is likely to send corporate treasurers scurrying to find ways to protect assets from what MicroStrategy CEO Michael Saylor calls the “melting ice cube” effect. When JPMorgan is ready to roll out this product, it will do so after careful planning and months of deliberation.

We are seeing growth in interest from institutional and large investors, which points towards more strong inflows.Chain Links U.S. Bank just announced that they will launch a new cryptocurrency custody product soon in partnership with an unnamed sub-custodian. NYDIG also announced that it has been selected to oversee New York’s bitcoin ETF (if approved by regulators).

TAKEAWAY: These are heavy-duty services that aren't just spun up at random – meaning U.S. Bank has been working on this for quite some time.

Many other traditional financial institutions are probably doing the same in secret.

It's going to be less likely for traditional banks to be active in crypto now than they were two years ago. Speaking of U.S. Bank, it contributed alongside State Street and other investors to a $30 million financing round for Securrency. Here we see two big banks investing in a company that combines traditional financial services with crypto holdings. Read what you want into it ...Genesis Trading (a subsidiary of DCG, which is parent of CoinDesk) published its Q1 2021 report this week, which shows a staggering 136% increase in active loans to over $9 billion. And, as my colleague Brady Dale reported this week, the total market capitalization of decentralized finance (DeFi) tokens, which represent lending and other financial applications, has broken through $120 billion to reach an all-time high. Wrapped bitcoin, an Ethereum-based token 100% backed by bitcoin that was created to facilitate the cryptocurrency’s use as collateral in DeFi applications, reached an all-time market cap high of $9.5 billion two weeks ago.

But all of this could end up being dwarfed by the use of bitcoin as a collateral asset in bilateral repo transactions. The repo market, in which corporations can use their liquid asset holdings to borrow short-term cash for working capital needs and pledge as collateral “safe” securities such as U.S. Treasurys, was estimated to be around $4.1 trillion at the end of last year, with around $1.3 trillion of that attributable to nonbank and non-securities dealer firms.

In the past decade, exchanges and services have sprang up ad hoc, resulting in no coordination, so there is no industrywide standard for connectivity. Time and money will get them, but there is no “central body” to decide what standards should be. Van Eck’s proposed bitcoin ETF has been delayed until at least June 17 by the SEC. It has been speculated that the approval of a bitcoin ETF in the US is likely in the near future, but given the success of bitcoin and ether ETFs in the Canadian market and Gary Gensler’s familiarity with crypto, this delay is not a surprise. One bill passed by German parliament last week, if approved by the Bundesrat, is expected to take effect July 1 if approved by the Federal Law Office. It allows wealth and institutional investment fund managers to invest up to 20% of their portfolio in crypto.

TakeAway: According to the report, this could allow up to $425 billion to enter the crypto market. The fact that not all funds would take advantage of this option makes it less likely that all funds would invest up to the maximum. Additionally, investors interested in crypto exposure have plenty of choices through the numerous crypto-based funds that are currently traded on exchanges. Although this bill sets the stage for crypto allocations in professional diversified funds, the chance of mainstream acceptance may be increased considerably.

Crypto assets do bring a different type of risk to a fragile equation, however, and the concept of bitcoin as collateral has many hurdles to overcome before it can make a meaningful difference in today’s financial ecosystem. Using three seemingly unrelated announcements from the past week and X-raying trends, I believe we are largely overlooking a trend.

JPMorgan Joins the Crypto Market

JPMorgan Chase is preparing to offer an actively managed bitcoin fund to its private wealth clients, possibly as soon as this summer, according to sources.

Second, the $101 million it added to the company’s quarterly profits didn’t hurt either. This monthly newsletter, written by CoinDesk’s research department chief, Noelle Acheson, goes out every Sunday and gives a comprehensive daybook of the week, along with insights and analysis – from a professional investor’s perspective.

The third item is U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell's remarks about the macroeconomic environment, in which he revised his expectation for an average rate of 2% inflation over the next several years.What are the similarities between the three stories?

1. The answer lies in examining the reasons behind companies using bitcoin as a reserve asset on their balance sheets, and why they are likely to want to do so in the future.If even JPMorgan is now embracing crypto, the narrative goes, then surely institutional investors will be able to buy in en masse. The truth is much harder to make out. These funds are limited to private wealth clients who face fewer requirements than pension funds and insurance companies.s Typically, companies investing in bitcoin as a reserve asset have cited value protection as the primary reason. It's argued that Bitcoin will never debase as fiat debases.
2. Having an entire treasury set up in bitcoin last August, software company MicroStrategy has continued building its holdings, raising capital to do so. This system continues today, with the majority of the firm’s funds dedicated to treasury. It held an event in February in an effort to educate other companies regarding its advantages and logistics, attended by over 800 people. Also making bitcoin reserves are Square, Aker and Meitu, while South Korean-Japanese video game publisher Nexon announced its $200 million bitcoin deposit at the end of February.
3. The main takeaway here, however, is that a large bank like JPMorgan would not make a decision to spin up a product like this without serious consideration, especially in light of Dimon’s previous comments. As a result of the public debate between CEO Elon Musk and MicroStrategy CEO Michael Saylor, expectations soared that Tesla would soon join the ranks. It didn’t disappoint: it announced its bitcoin purchase in February.

Chain Links

U.S. Bank (part of U.S. Bancorp, the fifth-largest banking institution in the U.S.) announced this week that it will offer a new cryptocurrency custody product in partnership with an unnamed sub-custodian. Musk said on Twitter that the test was to test the liquidity of the market. TAKEAWAY: These are heavy-duty services, which aren’t spun up at a moment’s notice – which means that U.S. Bank has been working on this for some time. In addition, liquidity was present in the way into the deal; we think the $1.5 billion purchase was carried out cautiously over the course of a few weeks. Pretty soon the list of traditional banks not involved in crypto will be shorter than the list of those that are.

Speaking of U.S. Bank, it participated along withState Street and other investors in a $30 million funding round for institutional cryptocurrency infrastructure firm Securrency. TAKEAWAY: Here we have two significant legacy financial institutions investing in a business that connects traditional services with crypto markets. This move signals that Tesla has created a “cash equivalent” through which the value is protected and profits can be made.

Genesis Trading (a subsidiary of DCG, which is also the parent of CoinDesk) published its Q1 2021 report this week, which shows a staggering 136% growth in active loans to over $9 billion. TAKEAWAY: One of the many intriguing data points in this report is the growth of almost 400% in outstanding ether loans, largely driven by yield and arbitrage opportunities in decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. At present, demand for this type of loan is driven by persistent basis trades in the bitcoin futures market.

Coinbase has delayed the launch of trading on stablecoin tether (USDT) until next month, citing an ongoing issue with its professional platform’s API. TAKEAWAY: This is much more than just a frustrating tech glitch: it’s a reminder of the crypto market’s retail-first origin. In Genesis, the crypto industry demonstrated that a Bitcoin position is a viable means of raising working capital without creating an taxable event, by acting as collateral for a fiat loan. This further supports the case for bitcoin as a treasury asset. Initial interest may result from concerns about the long-term value of cash and cash equivalents.

A Publisher Faces The Following Demand Schedule For The Next Novel

The SEChas pushed back making a decision on VanEck’s proposed bitcoin ETF to at least June 17. TAKEAWAY: While many have speculated that a bitcoin ETF approval is likely in the U.S. in the near future, given the success of bitcoin and ether ETFs in the Canadian market and given Chairman Gary Gensler’s familiarity with the crypto markets, this delay is not a surprise. It is indeed alarming that since inflation expectations, as shown by the 10-year breakeven rate, broke through 2.4% for the first time in eight years, this will further lower the real value of money than the market expected.

A bill approved by Germany’s parliament last week, expected to take effect on July 1 if approved by the Bundesrat, will allow wealth and institutional investment fund managers known as Spezialfonds to invest up to 20% of their portfolio in crypto. TAKEAWAY: According to the report, this would allow up to nearly $425 billion to move into the crypto market. As a result, the pool of bitcoin ready to be used as collateral will grow even further.This is the more pressing takeaway that bitcoin’s potential as collateral is just spreading out.Following the Genesis report, we have already seen significant growth in the crypto-backed lending industry. Although I didn’t get a breakdown of just how much of that collateral is bitcoin, it seems likely that it’s the largest chunk. However, this bill sets the scene for crypto allocations in professionally managed diversified funds, which could go a long way toward establishing mainstream acceptance.

A Publisher Faces The Following Demand Schedule For The Next Novel

5/3/2021